Nomogram for prediction of hearing rehabilitation outcome in children with congenital sensorineural hearing loss after cochlear implantation.

Background: Reliable predictors for rehabilitation outcomes in patients with congenital sensorineural hearing loss (CSNHL) after cochlear implantation (CI) are lacking. The purchase of this study was to develop a nomogram based on clinical characteristics and neuroimaging features to predict the outcome in children with CSNHL after CI. Methods: Children with CSNHL prior to CI surgery and children with normal hearing were enrolled into the study. Clinical data, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for ototemporal bone, conventional brain MRI for structural analysis and brain resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) for the power spectrum assessment were assessed. A nomogram combining both clinical and imaging data was constructed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated and validated using bootstrap resampling. Results: The final cohort consisted of 72 children with CSNHL (41 children with poor outcome and 31 children with good outcome) and 32 healthy controls. The white matter lesion from structural assessment and six power spectrum parameters from rs-fMRI, including Power4, Power13, Power14, Power19, Power23 and Power25 were used to build the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the nomogram obtained using the bootstrapping method was 0.812 (95 % CI = 0.772-0.836). The calibration curve showed no statistical difference between the predicted value and the actual value, indicating a robust performance of the nomogram. The clinical decision analysis curve showed a high clinical value of this model. Conclusions: The nomogram constructed with clinical data, and neuroimaging features encompassing ototemporal bone measurements, white matter lesion values from structural brain MRI and power spectrum data from rs-fMRI showed a robust performance in predicting outcome of hearing rehabilitation in children with CSNHL after CI.

Brain iron content and cognitive function in patients with ß-thalassemia.

Patients with ß-thalassemia (ß-TM) may have brain iron overload from long-term blood transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis, and increased intestinal iron absorption, leading to cognitive impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods such as the transverse relaxation rate, susceptibility-weighted imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping can provide quantitative, in vivo measurements of brain iron. This review assessed these MRI methods for brain iron quantification and the measurements for cognitive function in patients with ß-TM. We aimed to identify the neural correlates of cognitive impairment, which should help to evaluate therapies for improving cognition and quality of life in patients with ß-TM.